We want to equip you with the knowledge and information you need to support our bird-safe mission, and to connect, learn and act with us in keeping homes, schools, workplaces and communities safe for birds.
Downloads
- An Analysis of Collision Mitigation Effectiveness (2018)
- Bird Safe Building Standard for Federal Government Buildings (2018)
- Reducing Bird Collisions with Buildings and Building Glass Best Practices, U.S. Fish and Wildlife (2016)
- FLAP Canada Bird Species List (2022)
- Window collisions by migratory bird species: urban geographical patterns and habitat associations (2015)
- Migratory songbirds and urban window collision mortality depends on species, diel timing of migration, and age class
- A First Estimate for Canada of the Number of Birds Killed by Colliding with Building Windows (2013)
- FLAP Canada Brochure (2013)
- Common birds of Toronto FLAP Canada Brochure (2009)
- Effects of Light Reduction on Collision of Migratory birds (2002)
- The Hazards of Lighted Structures and Windows to Migratory birds (1996)
- Common public misconceptions about bird-window collisions and methods for prevention.
Guidelines & Standards
Listed here are the most in-depth and widely referenced guidelines and standards for bird deterrants in North America. For more information, visit birdsafe.ca.
Canada
In 2007, the City of Toronto, working in partnership with FLAP Canada and other stakeholders, published the world’s first Bird-Friendly Development Guidelines.
Since then, FLAP Canada has consulted with numerous cities across Canada and the United States to implement similar guidelines and standards. Vancouver, Calgary, Markham, Chicago, and San Francisco are just a few of the municipalities that recognize bird collisions with the built environment pose a significant threat to birds, and have adopted some form of bird-building collision management strategies.
In 2017, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) invited FLAP Canada to sit on its technical committee to help develop its Bird-Friendly Building Design standard A460:19. The Standard provides bird-friendly design requirements for glazing, building-integrated structures, and overall building and site design for both new construction and existing buildings.
Toronto Bird-Friendly Development Guidelines Contributors
- Cadillac Fairview Corporation Limited
- Canadian Peregrine Foundation
- Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS)
- Daniel Klem Jr., Department of Biology, Muhlenberg College, PA
- Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP)Canada
- John Robert Carley, Architect (retired)
- Lights Out Toronto! Stakeholder Working Group
- Monarch Corporation
- Oxford Properties Group
- Thomas Bolton, David Dunlap Observatory
- Toronto Hydro Corporation
United States
San Francisco, California
San José, California
- Bird-Safe Building Design Standards – 2014
Portland, Oregon
Audubon, Minnesota
US Green Building Council
State of California
State of New York
American Bird Conservancy and New York City Audubon
Swiss Ornithological Institute
US Fish & Wildlife Service
Urban Bird Treaty